High-quality fire extinguishing agents and effective fire extinguishing strategies are the main means and necessary measures to suppress disasters in the design of battery energy storage stations . Traditional fire extinguishing methods include isolation, asphyxiation, cooling, and chemical suppression .
Battery clusters are connected in series or in parallel and equipped with supporting devices (such as current converters, fire extinguisher, etc.) to form the battery energy storage container (BESC) . Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the battery energy storage system components.
With the advantages of high energy density, short response time and low economic cost, utility-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage systems are built and installed around the world. However, due to the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, much more attention is attracted to the fire safety of battery energy storage systems.
The cumulative installed capacity of battery energy storage in new energy storage systems has reached 88.5 GW, accounting for 30.6 %, with an annual growth rate of more than 100 % . Fig. 1 depicts a schematic diagram of the BESS components. BESS convert renewable energy from the grid into electrochemical energy stored in batteries.
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