US states advance energy storage and grid reforms in Q2
State lawmakers across the United States made efforts in the second quarter of 2025 to modernize electric grids, according to the 250 States of Grid Modernization: Q2 2025
The rise in renewable energy utilization is increasing demand for battery energy-storage technologies (BESTs). BESTs based on lithium-ion batteries are being developed and deployed. However, this technology alone does not meet all the requirements for grid-scale energy storage.
Outdated grid systems are a bottleneck for the energy transition, wasting billions annually. In four European markets alone, BloombergNEF estimates nearly 2.2 terawatts of wind, solar and battery storage capacity are waiting to be connected.
Under some conditions, excess renewable energy is produced and, without storage, is curtailed 2, 3; under others, demand is greater than generation from renewables. Grid-scale energy-storage (GSES) systems are therefore needed to store excess renewable energy to be released on demand, when power generation is insufficient 4.
In this Review, we describe BESTs being developed for grid-scale energy storage, including high-energy, aqueous, redox flow, high-temperature and gas batteries. Battery technologies support various power system services, including providing grid support services and preventing curtailment.
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