Scientific issues of zinc‐bromine flow batteries and mitigation
In this review, the focus is on the scientific understanding of the fundamental electrochemistry and functional components of ZBFBs, with an emphasis on the technical
Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) offer great potential for large-scale energy storage owing to the inherent high energy density and low cost. However, practical applications of this technology are hindered by low power density and short cycle life, mainly due to large polarization and non-uniform zinc deposition.
In particular, zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) have attracted considerable interest due to the high theoretical energy density of up to 440 Wh kg−1 and use of low-cost and abundant active materials [10, 11].
In addition, the highly porous (∼2085 m 2 /g) PNSC substantially increased the ion diffusion rate within the electrode framework which led the voltage efficiency of 83 % and energy efficiency of 82 % at 80 mA cm −2. TABLE 2. Comparison of carbon-based electrode materials for Zinc–bromine flow batteries.
The history of zinc-based flow batteries is longer than that of the vanadium flow battery but has only a handful of demonstration systems. The currently available demo and application for zinc-based flow batteries are zinc-bromine flow batteries, alkaline zinc-iron flow batteries, and alkaline zinc-nickel flow batteries.
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