Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
This article presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of integrating multisource renewable energy systems—solar panels, wind turbines, and flexible energy
Iran has realized the value of its vast renewable energy potential—but serious international and institutional obstacles threaten to derail Tehran's green energy plans before they gain momentum. Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.
For example, up to 15 percent of Iran's subsidized fuel is smuggled abroad (Farhikhtegandaily 2025), resulting in lost domestic revenue and reinforcing inefficiencies. The economic pressure that sanctions place on Iran make immediate internal reform of Iran's energy sector all the more relevant.
In 2010, Iran's energy subsidies were estimated at around $70 billion (Salehi-Isfahani et al 2015), a significant burden that contributed to fiscal deficits and hindered investment in critical infrastructure.
Cities such as Tehran, Isfahan, and Ahvaz frequently experience unhealthy air quality levels, with Tehran alone recording the air quality index (AQI) of above 100 on average 20 percent (16.99–33.43%) of the days annually (Khoshakhlagh, Mohammadzadeh, and Morais 2023).
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