Throughout the process of reviewing the existing FESS applications and integration in the power system, the current research status shows that flywheel energy storage systems have the potential to provide fast and reliable frequency regulation services, which are crucial for maintaining grid stability and ensuring power quality.
Utility-scale energy storage systems for stationary applications typically have power ratings of 1 MW or more . The largest flywheel energy storage is in New York, USA by Beacon Power with a power rating of 20 MW and 15 min discharge duration .
A bottom-up cost model was developed to assess the levelized cost of flywheel storage. Composite and steel rotor flywheels were assessed for frequency regulation. The steel rotor flywheel has a lower capital cost and levelized cost of storage. The costs of composite and steel rotor flywheels are $190 and $146/MWh, respectively.
Moreover, flywheel energy storage system array (FESA) is a potential and promising alternative to other forms of ESS in power system applications for improving power system efficiency, stability and security . However, control systems of PV-FESS, WT-FESS and FESA are crucial to guarantee the FESS performance.
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