Traditionally powered by coal-dominated grid electricity, these stations contribute significantly to operational costs and air pollution. This study offers a comprehensive roadmap for low-carbon upgrades to China's base station infrastructure by integrating solar power, energy storage, and intelligent operation strategies.
Comparing data from 2021, 2025, and 2030, 41 we found that the electricity consumption due to communication base station operations in China increased annually.
A small-scale communication base station communication antenna with an average power of 2 kW can consume up to 48 kWh per day. 4,5,6 Therefore, the low-carbon upgrade of communication base stations and systems is at the core of the telecommunications industry's energy use issues.
The main technological approach includes the integrated installation of solar panels, energy storage units, and controllers, with the specific transformation plan displayed in Figure 6. In this scheme, the base station is powered by solar panels, the electrical grid, and energy storage units to ensure the stability of energy supply.
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