Whitepaper: Understanding Battery Management Systems
This whitepaper provides an in-depth look at Battery Management Systems, exploring their architecture, key features, and how they contribute to battery safety and longevity.
A typical BMS consists of: Battery Management Controller (BMC): The brain of the BMS, processing real-time data. Voltage and Current Sensors: Measures cell voltage and current. Temperature Sensors: Monitor heat variations. Balancing Circuit: Ensures uniform charge distribution. Power Supply Unit: Provides energy to the BMS components.
The control unit processes data collected from the battery and ensures that the system operates within its safe operating area. A critical part of the BMS, this system uses air cooling or liquid cooling to maintain the temperature of the battery cells.
The BMS structure comprises multiple core components that work in synergy to ensure the efficiency, safety, and longevity of the battery system. Battery Monitoring Unit (BMU): Monitors parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the battery in real-time, ensuring each battery cell operates within a safe range.
Some other functionalities that can be in the BMU are interlock functionality or the real time clock and vector management system for the software. BMS Software Architecture: The battery management system architecture has different layers that abstract different parts of hardware.
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