The ESHB provides high-level technical discussions of current technologies, industry standards, processes, best practices, guidance, challenges, lessons learned, and projections about energy storage as an emerging and enabling technology. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Storage Handbook (ESHB) is for readers interested in the fundamental concepts and applications of grid-level energy storage systems (ESSs). Recognized for their indispensable role in ensuring grid stability and seamless integration with renewable energy sources. These storage. . Among these technologies, energy storage containers have emerged as a versatile and modular solution, offering flexibility in deployment and scalability across various applications—such as grid balancing, distributed generation, and emergency power supply.